NurseTUBE

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/carpal-tunnel-syndrome.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C02Nyowvaw8endofvid
[starttext]The carpal tunnel is a tight, narrow, C-shaped passageway in the wrist that is made up of tiny bones and ligaments.

Some of the tendons and nerves that control movement of the fingers pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand. These tendons are covered with a fluid-filled sheath that helps them glide smoothly during movement. During repetitive hand motions, like typing, the tendons become irritated, causing swelling and inflammation within the sheath.

Because the carpal tunnel is made of bones and ligaments, it cannot expand to accommodate the swelling; this causes the nerves of the hand to become pinched or compressed, resulting in pain or numbness in the fingers.[endtext]

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/hip-replacement-surgery.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eF3Y6yJsNboendofvid
[starttext]The skeletal system provides the framework for the body and protects the internal organs. The hip joint supports most of the upper body weight. As a person ages the bones become thinner and more brittle, increasing the risk for injury.

The hip joints are located in the pelvis; they connect the torso to the legs and support the upper body weight. The bones of the pelvis, the pubis, the ischium, and the ilium, form a ball-and-socket joint together with the head of the femur, the long thigh bone.

Injury and the wear and tear of aging can damage this joint, increasing the risk for a femoral fracture or hip fracture. A hip fracture is most likely to be repaired with hip replacement surgery.

During hip replacement surgery, the hip socket is cleaned of all cartilage and arthritic bone. A plastic cup is placed in the enlarged hip socket. Then, the top of the femur is removed and a metal ball is inserted into the top of the femur. A metal stem is also inserted into the femur to add stability to the prosthesis.

Elderly patients and patients with osteoporosis are at increased risk for hip fractures requiring hip replacement surgery. There are several potential complications associated with this procedure that should be discussed with a doctor prior to surgery.[endtext]

Hip Replacement Surgery

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/types-of-bone-fractures.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKXmONd3Ekendofvid
[starttext]The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones and provides support, allows for movement, and protects the internal organs of the body.

Sometimes, too much pressure is applied to a bone that results in what is known as a fracture. Fractures are often classified as either open or closed.

An open fracture is a fracture where a piece of the broken bone pierces through the skin. This can be dangerous because the bone is exposed, increasing the risk of infection.

A closed fracture is a fracture where the bone is broken, but does not come through the skin.

A compression fracture is a closed fracture that occurs when two or more bones are forced against each other. It commonly occurs to bones of the spine and may be caused by falling into a standing or sitting position, or a result of advanced osteoporosis.

An avulsion fracture is a closed fracture where a piece of bone is broken off by a sudden, forceful contraction of a muscle. This type of fracture is common in young athletes and can occur when muscles are not properly stretched before activity. This fracture can also be the result of an injury.

An impacted fracture is similar to a compression fracture, yet it occurs within the same bone. It is a closed fracture that occurs when pressure is applied to both ends of the bone, causing it to split into two fragments that jam into each other. This type of fracture is common in falls and car accidents.

All fractures must be taken seriously. If you think that a bone has been fractured, you should seek immediate medical attention.[endtext]

Types of Bone Fractures

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/anterior-cruciate-ligament-patient.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wZyzSQqk_oendofvid
[starttext]Your doctor has told you that you have a torn anterior cruciate ligament in your knee and has recommended arthroscopic surgery in order to repair it. But what does that actually mean?

The knee is one of the most complex and one of the most important joints in your body.

It is made up of bone, ligament and cartilage. Damage to any individual part can dramatically restrict the normal movement of the leg and can even interfere with the ability to walk.

Let's take a look at the way the knee joint is put together. The femur, or thigh bone, meets the fibula and tibia to create a flexible joint called the knee. Helping to stabilize the knee are the ligaments.

The ligaments in the knee are strong, flexible cords of tissue that hold the bones together. They maintain stability and allow the normal range of motion when you walk or run. The anterior cruciate ligament - or ACL -- guides the tibia, or shin bone. It helps keep your feet below your knees and your legs from buckling as you walk.

Twisting or bending the knee during sports or other strenuous activity can damage the ligament.

During an injury, patients often report feeling or even hearing a sudden "pop" in their knee at the exact moment when the ligament tears.

Other symptoms include swelling, restricted movement, pain and even the inability to stand on the affected leg. [endtext]

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Patient Education

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/3d-injury-reconstruction-automobile.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERfLidBje0Aendofvid
[starttext][endtext]

3D Injury Reconstruction - Automobile Accident

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/what-is-diabetic-nephropathy.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikGl7DPXUK0endofvid
[starttext]Diabetic nephropathy is the kidney disease that occurs as a result of diabetes. It is a leading cause of kidney failure in Europe and the USA. After many years of diabetes the delicate filtering system in the kidney becomes destroyed, initially becoming leaky to large blood proteins such as albumin which are then lost in urine. This is more likely to occur if the blood sugar is poorly controlled.[endtext]

What is Diabetic Nephropathy

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/understanding-diabetic-peripheral.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UkXnEjv7x4endofvid
[starttext]One out of every three patients with diabetes who are older than 50 is estimated to have peripheral arterial disease (PAD), an atherosclerotic condition that can threaten "life and limb." PAD is a warning of future heart disease, stroke, or death, and is a condition that can lead to amputation of the foot or leg if not properly treated.[endtext]

Understanding Diabetic Peripheral Arterial Disease (P.A.D.)

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/diabetes-related-atherosclerosis.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwlLddvcBscendofvid
[starttext]Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty plaque gradually forms on the inner walls of the arteries. This disorder, also known as hardening of the arteries, causes the arteries to become narrow and restricts the blood flow to organs and tissues. Diabetes increases the risk for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications partly because of excess glucose (blood sugar). This hyperglycemia damages arteries by making the walls thicker and less elastic. The change makes it more difficult for the blood to pass through the vessels.[endtext]

Diabetes-Related Atherosclerosis

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/initiation-of-migraine-headaches.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kcxbGZH6F8endofvid
[starttext][endtext]

Initiation of Migraine Headaches

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/precipitating-factors-of-migraine_11.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyYgX1NEDvgendofvid
[starttext]To understand more about migraine, here's a video showing precipitating factors that initiates migraine attacks.[endtext]

Precipitating Factors of Migraine

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/pathophysiology-of-migraine.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djD_p0NoU7kendofvid
[starttext]Migraine pathophysiology involves the trigeminovascular system and central nervous system modulation of the pain-producing structures of the cranium. The degree to which head pain results from the activation of the nociceptors of pain-producing intracranial structures, or to the facilitation or lack of inhibition of afferent signals, is not clear at this time. An understanding of the pain mechanism is likely to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the more generalized sensory dysfunction that is so typical of migraine. [endtext]

Pathophysiology of Migraine

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/breast-self-examination.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt10rSVIEGEendofvid
[starttext]It is so important to be breast self-aware as early detection is the best defense against breast cancer. Dr Chris Steele of ITV's This Morning show,with the help of a live model, demonstrates how to self-examine your breasts to detect signs of breast cancer.[endtext]

Breast Self Examination

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/atrial-fibrillation.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKxQgjj2yVUendofvid
[starttext]Understanding Atrial Fibrillation and its ECG readings[endtext]

Atrial Fibrillation

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/testicular-self-examination.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgbfZ2Prvj8endofvid
[starttext]A testicular self-examination (TSE) is useful in the detection of cancer of the testicles. Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor found in males age 15-35 years. If detected early and treated, testicular cancer is almost 100% curable. If untreated, it may spread to the lymph nodes and lungs. Tumors usually are found on 1 side, but 2-3% are found in both testicles.

In this video, a female doctor shows how to do a testicular examination.[endtext]

Testicular Self Examination

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/ovulation.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLmg4wSHdxQendofvid
[starttext]Ovulation is the part of the menstrual cycle where the ovary releases an egg to be fertilized during conception, or sloughed off during a woman's period. This 3D medical animation depicts in exquisite detail: follicle development within the ovary, the movement of the fimbriae over the ovulation site before ovulation, the bursting of the egg from the ovary in a rush of fluid, delicate quality of the ciliated fimbriae and its movement to pick up the egg after ovulation, peristalsis of the fallopian tube to move the egg toward the uterus. Ovulation must take place in order for a woman to get pregnant.[endtext]

Ovulation

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/types-of-insulin-and-their-uses.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MW-pjgcABFwendofvid
[starttext]

Insulin is the hormone normally made in the pancreas that stimulates the flow of sugar - glucose - from the blood into the cells of the body. Glucose provides the cells with the energy they need to function. There are two main groups of insulins used in the treatment of diabetes: human insulins and analog insulins, made by recombinant DNA technology.

The concentration of most insulins available in the United States is 100 units per milliliter. A milliliter is equal to a cubic centimeter. All insulin syringes are graduated to match this insulin concentration. There are four categories of insulins depending on how quickly they start to work in the body after injection: Very rapid acting insulin Regular, or Rapid acting insulins Intermediate acting insulins Long acting insulin. In addition, some insulins are marketed mixed together in different proportions to provide both rapid and long acting effects. Certain insulins can also be mixed together in the same syringe immediately prior to injection.

A very rapid acting form of insulin called Lispro insulin is marketed under the trade name of Humalog.
A second form of very rapid acting insulin is called Aspart and is marketed under the trade name Novolog.
Humalog and Novolog are: clear liquids. They begin to work 10 minutes after injection, peak at 1 hour after injection, and last 3-4 hours in the body Humalog and Novolog are used as "bolus" insulins to be given 15 minutes before a meal. Most patients also need a longer-acting insulin to maintain good control of their blood sugar. Humalog and Novolog can be mixed with NPH, Lente and Ultralente insulins. Check your blood sugar level before giving Humalog or Novalog. Your doctor or diabetes educator will instruct you in determining your insulin dose based on your blood sugar reading and anticipated meals and exercise. Always check the bottle before drawing up the insulin. If the solution is cloudy, discard the bottle. If you are mixing Humalog or Novalog with a longer-acting insulin, always draw up the Humalog or Novalog first to maintain the purity and clarity of the Humalog and Novalog solutions.

Another solution of insulin that acts rapidly is called "Regular" or "R" insulin. This insulin does not act as quickly as Humalog or Novalog. Regular insulin is: a clear, colorless liquid. It begins to work 30 minutes after injection, peaks at 3-5 hours and lasts 6-10 hours in the body.

Regular insulin is usually given 30 minutes before a meal. It can also be mixed with in the same syringe with longer acting NPH, Lente and Ultralente insulins or given separately immediately after each other. Glargine cannot be mixed with it.

Regular insulin is the most stable of all the different types of insulin, but unopened regular insulin is best refrigerated. Always check the bottle before drawing up the insulin. If the solution is cloudy, discard the bottle. If you are mixing Regular with a longer-acting insulin, always draw up the Regular insulin first to maintain the purity and clarity of the Regular solution.

Examples of intermediate acting insulins are NPH and Lente insulins. Intermediate acting insulins are: cloudy suspensions of crystalline insulin. They need to be gently rotated between the hands before being used. They begin to work 1 hour after injection, peak at 6-12 hours after injection and last 20-24 hours in the body.

The intermediate insulins are often given before breakfast. They may also be given at bedtime, depending on your blood glucose reading. They can be mixed in the same syringe with Regular, Lispro and Aspart insulins.

Ultralente is a long-acting insulin. Ultralente is a cloudy suspension.. It begins to work 2-8 hours after injection, peaks at about 12 hours and lasts around 18-24 hours in the body.

Ultralente insulin is often given before breakfast. It may also be given before dinner in the evenings or at bedtime, on your doctor's instruction. It can be mixed in the same syringe with regular insulin. When unopened, it is best stored in the refrigerator.

[endtext]

Types of Insulin and Their Uses

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/mixing-insulin.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gizYDn2_0Ioendofvid
[starttext]Your doctor or diabetes educator may ask you to mix a short-acting or clear insulin
with an intermediate or long acting cloudy insulin in the same syringe so that both can be given at the same time. * The only insulin that cannot be mixed is insulin glargine. * In this example, the doctor has asked you to mix 10 units of regular, clear, insulin with 15 units of NPH cloudy insulin, to a total combined dose of 25 units. * Always, draw "clear before cloudy" insulin into the syringe. This is to prevent cloudy insulin from entering the clear insulin bottle. * Always do this procedure in the correct order, as shown in the following sequence.

Roll the bottle of the cloudy insulin between your hands to mix it.
Clean both bottle tops with an alcohol wipe.
Pull back the plunger of the syringe to the dose of the long-acting (cloudy) insulin in this example 15 units. You now have 15 units of air in the syringe.

Check the insulin bottle to ensure you have the correct cloudy type of insulin.

With the insulin bottle held firmly on a counter or tabletop, insert the needle through the rubber cap into the bottle.
Push the plunger down so that the air goes from the syringe into the bottle. Remove the needle and syringe. This primes the bottle for when you withdraw the insulin later.
Pull back the plunger of the syringe to the dose of the shorter acting clear insulin in this example 10 units. You now have 10 units of air in the syringe.
Check the insulin bottle to ensure you have the correct clear type of insulin.

With the insulin bottle held firmly on a counter or tabletop, insert the needle through the rubber cap into the bottle.Push the plunger down so that the air goes from the syringe into the bottle.

Turn the bottle upside down so that the air in it goes to the top.
With the tip of the needle kept in the liquid, withdraw the dose of clear insulin, in this example, 10 units.

Remove the needle and syringe.

Go back to the longer-acting, cloudy insulin bottle.

Turn it upside down. Insert the needle into the liquid and slowly pull back the plunger to measure your total dose, in this example, 25 units. You are now ready to give your injection. [endtext]

Mixing Insulin

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/injecting-insulin.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-cGz2eLyb4endofvid
[starttext]This program will demonstrate injecting insulin.

The goal is to inject the insulin into the subcutaneous tissue between the top layer of the skin, the dermis and the underlying muscle layer.
The only concentration of insulin available in the United States is 100 units per milliliter. A milliliter is equal to a cubic centimeter. All insulin syringes are graduated to match this concentration.

Insulin syringes are available in various volumes, for example: 3/10 cc, which would hold a maximum dose of 30 units, 1/2 cc to hold a maximum dose of 50 units and 1 cc to hold a maximum dose of 100 units.

Some insulins are cloudy suspensions. To ensure uniform dispersion of the insulin in the cloudy suspension, roll the vial gently between your hands. Avoid vigorous shaking, which will produce air bubbles or foam and interfere with obtaining the accurate dose.

Wipe off the top of the bottle with an alcohol swab. Discard the swab.
Pick up the syringe and remove the needle cap. With the syringe held upright, pull the plunger back until the end of the plunger is at the mark of your dose,which in this example is 20 units. There is now air in the syringe.

Check the insulin bottle to ensure you have the correct type of insulin.
With the insulin bottle held firmly on a counter or tabletop, insert the needle through the rubber cap into the bottle.
Push the plunger down so that the air goes from the syringe into the bottle.

Turn the bottle upside down so that the air in it is at the top.
With the tip of the needle kept in the liquid, pull the plunger back to your dose. If any air bubbles are in the syringe, push the plunger back in and draw up the dose again.

Remove the syringe and needle from the bottle. Do not let the needle touch anything else until it touches your skin for the injection.
Wipe the skin of the chosen injection site with an alcohol swab and let the skin dry.

Pinch up the skin and put the needle fully through the skin at an 80 to 90 degree angle and push the plunger down completely.
Discard the syringe and attached needle into a puncture-proof container and replace the container's screw cap.
Instead of a puncture-proof container you can purchase a special "Sharps" container with a hinged lid to store your used syringes and needles. * When your storage or "Sharps" container is 3/4 full, dispose of it according to the policies of your local authorities.

The recommended sites for insulin injections are shown. Change the place of each injection by moving a couple of inches from the previous site.
By doing this, you can stay in one general area for several days. [endtext]

Injecting Insulin

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/oxygen-transport.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEoendofvid
[starttext]This is a video animation showing how oxygen is being tansported to all cells in the body.[endtext]

Oxygen Transport

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/12-lead-ecg-placement-part-2of-2.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFcyiCKyaZ4endofvid
[starttext]Tim Phalen's pre-hospital 12 lead ECG acquisition video, part II.[endtext]

12 Lead ECG Placement Part 2of 2

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/12-lead-ecg-placement-part-1of-2.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA5HmQSMGHEendofvid
[starttext]Tim Phalen's 12 Lead ECG course video shows how to properly acquire pre-hospital 12 lead ECGs[endtext]

12 Lead ECG Placement Part 1of 2

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-to-ekgecg-interpretation_04.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5w8N6NBDysendofvid
[starttext]Part 3 - An introduction to EKG Interpretation covering more tachycardias.

Most nurses especially the students are very interested to know how to read EKG or ECG results. Though we are not cardiologist, knowing even the basics of EKG interpretation is essential. To start with, here's a basic tutorial video about EKG interpretation.[endtext]

Introduction to EKG/ECG INterpretation Part 3 0f 3

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/httpwww.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecTM2O940mgendofvid
[starttext] Part 2- An introduction to EKG Interpretation covering some tachycardias. Part 3 covers more.

Most nurses especially the students are very interested to know how to read EKG or ECG results. Though we are not cardiologist, knowing even the basics of EKG interpretation is essential. To start with, here's a basic tutorial video about EKG interpretation.[endtext]

Introduction to EKG/ECG INterpretation Part 2 0f 3

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-to-ekgecg-interpretation.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex1k_MPF-w4endofvid
[starttext]Part 1- An introduction to EKG Interpretation covering Normal Sinus Rhythm and Bradycardia.

Most nurses especially the students are very interested to know how to read EKG or ECG results. Though we are not cardiologist, knowing even the basics of EKG interpretation is essential. To start with, here's a basic tutorial video about EKG interpretation.[endtext]

Introduction to EKG/ECG INterpretation Part 1 0f 3

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/antigenic-shift-spread-of-new-mutated.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-36EiSejFUendofvid
[starttext]Only the influenza Type-A virus is capable of what is known as antigenic shift.
The current flu in circulation is an entirely new, mutated pathogen formed from elements of human, pig, and avian virus strains.Overflowing with mutated viruses, the respiratory epithelial host cells of the pig eventually burst open and circulate the new flu virus into the susceptible human population. [endtext]

Antigenic Shift - the Spread of a New, Mutated Virus

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/rexin-g-mechanism-of-action.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycDzngYXx20endofvid
[starttext]This 4.5-minute animation examines the complex science of molecular mechanisms of tumor targeting and gene delivery. This sequence is from Scene 3 and focuses on the administration of Rexin-G, its distribution throughout the body via the circulatory system, and the mechanism by which the nanoparticles deliver their lethal payload to tumors.

[endtext]

Rexin-G Mechanism of Action

[postlink]https://nursetube.blogspot.com/2010/03/immune-mediated-tumor-destruction.html[/postlink]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Q4JrmE50SUendofvid
[starttext]This scene shows several activated T cells attacking rapidly dividing cancer cells of a growing tumor.The activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells are critical for immune-mediated tumor destruction.Recent scientific advances have reignited interest in the area of cancer immunotherapy.
[endtext]